Fwd: [DMRN-LIST] Ten PhD/postdoc positions at University of Oslo

Dear all,

We are happy to announce several doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships at RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time, and Motion at the University of Oslo:

• Doctoral Research Fellowship in Music, Rhythm and Pleasure
• Doctoral Research Fellowship(s) in Psychology-Inspired Computing for Robot Assistants

• Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Rhythm and Musical Form
• Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Rhythm and Musical Time
• Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Rhythms in the body
• Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Cognitive Neuroscience
• Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Entrainment and Adaptation in Musical Multi-robot Systems
• Researcher position in Psychology-Inspired Computing for Robot Assistants

There is also one more doctoral fellowship at the Department of Musicology that may be of relevance to this list:

• Doctoral Research Fellowship in Music Technology

The positions have slightly different application deadlines (from 31 January to 15 March), so check specification for each position.

Please forward to relevant candidates and do not hesitate to get in touch if you have any questions.

Apologies for cross-posting.

Best,

--   Alexander Refsum Jensenius  Professor, Department of Musicology, University of Oslo  https://people.uio.no/alexanje    Deputy Director, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time, and Motion  https://www.uio.no/ritmo/english/    Director, fourMs Lab  https://fourms.uio.no    Chair, NIME Steering Committee  https://www.nime.org    New master's programme: "Music, Communication & Technology"  http://www.uio.no/mct-master

Fwd: [DMRN-LIST] CfP: Special session on representation learning for audio, music, and speech processing

Dear colleagues, 

We are happy to share the call for papers to the special session 

"Representation Learning for Audio, Speech, and Music Processing" 

at the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 2021. 

All submitted papers to the special session are submitted at the conference submission portal (as regular papers) and undergo the same full-paper peer review process as any other paper in IJCNN 2021.

Special session website: https://dr-costas.github.io/rlasmp2021-website/  
Conference website: https://www.ijcnn.org  

Accepted special sessions at IJCNN: https://www.ijcnn.org/accepted-special-sessions  


=====================================

Important dates: 

Paper submission: 15th of January, 2021
Notification of acceptance: 15th of March, 2021
Camera ready submission: 30th of March, 2021

=====================================

Scope and topics: 

In the last decade, deep learning has revolutionized the research fields of audio and speech signal processing, acoustic scene analysis, and music information retrieval. In these research fields, methods relying on deep learning have achieved remarkable performance in various applications and tasks, surpassing legacy methods that rely on the independent usage of signal processing operations and machine learning algorithms. The huge success of deep learning methods relies on their ability to learn representations from sound signals that are useful for various downstream tasks. These representations encapsulate the underlying structure or features of the sound signals, or the latent variables that describe the underlying statistics of the respective signals.

Despite this success, learning representations of audio with deep models remains challenging. For example, the diversity of acoustic noise, the multiplicity of recording devices (e.g., high-end microphones vs. smartphones), and the source variability challenge machine learning methods when they are used in realistic environments. In audio event detection, which has recently become a vigorous research field, systems for the automatic detection of multiple overlapping events are still far from reaching human performance. Another major challenge is the design of robust speech processing systems. Speech enhancement technologies have significantly improved in the past years, notably thanks to deep learning methods. However, there is still a large performance gap between controlled environments and real-world situations. As a final example, in the music information retrieval field, modeling the high-level semantics based on local and long-term relations in music signals is still a core challenge. More generally, self-supervised approaches that can leverage a large amount of unlabeled data are very promising for learning models that can serve as a powerful base for many applications and tasks. Thus, it is of great interest for the scientific community to find new methods for representing audio signals using hierarchical models, such as deep neural networks. This will enable novel learning methods to leverage the large amount of information that audio, speech, and music signals convey.

The aim of this session is to establish a venue where engineers, scientists, and practitioners from both academia and industry, can present and discuss cutting-edge results in representation learning in audio, speech, and music signal processing. Driven by the constantly increasing popularity of audio, speech, and music representation learning, the organizing committee of this session is motivated to build, in the long-term, a solid reference within the computational intelligence community for the digital audio field.

The scope of this proposed special session is representation learning, focused on audio, speech, and music. Representation learning is one of the main aspects of neural networks. Thus, the scope of this proposes special session is well aligned with the scope of the IJCNN, as the current special session is focused on a core aspect of neural networks, which is the representation learning.

The topics of the proposed special session include, but are not limited to:

• Audio, speech, and music signal generative models and methods
• Single and multi-channel methods for separation, enhancement, and denoising
• Spatial analysis, modification, and synthesis for augmented and virtual reality
• Detection, localization, and tracking of audio sources/events
• Style transfer, voice conversion, digital effects, and personalization
• Adversarial attacks and real/synthetic discrimination methods
• Information retrieval and classification methods
• Multi- and inter-modal models and methods
• Self-supervised/metric learning methods
• Domain adaptation, transfer learning, knowledge distilation, and K-shot approaches 
• Differentiable signal processing based methods
• Privacy preserving methods
• Interpretability and explainability in deep models for audio
• Context and structure-aware approaches

On behalf of the organizing committee, 

Konstantinos Drossos, PhD
Senior researcher
Audio Research Group
Tampere University, Finland

Office: TF309
Address: Korkeakoulunkatu 10, FI-33720 
mail: konstantinos.drossos@tuni.fi

Fwd: PhD studentships in Artificial Intelligence and Music (AIM) at Queen Mary University of London

UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Artificial Intelligence and Music (AIM), Queen Mary University of London

https://www.aim.qmul.ac.uk/

12+ fully-funded PhD studentships to start September 2021

Covers fees and a stipend for four years

Application deadline: 27 January 2021

Why apply to the AIM Programme?

• 4-year fully-funded PhD studentships available
• Extensive choice of projects, drawing on a supervisory team of over 30 academics
• Access to cutting-edge facilities and expertise in artificial intelligence (AI) and music/audio technology
• Comprehensive technical training at the intersection of AI and music through a personalized programme
• Partnerships with over 25 companies and cultural institutions in the music, audio and creative sectors

More information on the AIM Programme can be found at: https://www.aim.qmul.ac.uk/

Programme structure

Our Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) offers a four year training programme where students will carry out a research project in the intersection of AI and music, supported by taught specialist modules, industrial placements, and skills training. Find out more about the programme structure at: http://www.aim.qmul.ac.uk/about/ 

Who can apply?

We are on the lookout for outstanding students interested in the intersection of music/audio technology and AI. Successful applicants will have the following profile:

• Hold or be completing a Masters degree at distinction or first class level, or equivalent, in Computer Science, Electronic Engineering, Music/Audio Technology, Physics, Mathematics, Music or Psychology. In exceptional circumstances we accept applicants with a first class Bachelors degree who do not hold a Masters degree, provided that applicants can provide evidence of equivalent research experience, industry experience, or specialist training.
• Programming skills are strongly desirable; however we do not consider this to be an essential criterion if candidates have complementary strengths.
• Musical training (any of performance, production, composition or theory) is desirable but not a prerequisite.

For this call for applications we are accepting offers from UK Home students and International students, as well as students supported by national and international funding bodies, such as the China Scholarship Council (CSC), CONACYT, and the Commonwealth PhD Scholarship scheme. Queen Mary's commitment to our diverse and inclusive community is embedded in our student admissions processes. We particularly welcome applications from women and under-represented groups, and from applicants in all stages of life.

Funding

For this call we offer 12+ fully-funded 4-year PhD studentships available for students starting in September 2021 which will cover the cost of tuition fees and will provide an annual tax-free stipend (£17,285 in 2020/21). The CDT will also provide funding for conference travel, equipment, and for attending other CDT-related events.

The AIM programme also welcomes applications from students who have sponsorship for PhD study from numerous international funding agencies and also accepts self-funded students. For more information on external PhD studentships and self-funded please visit http://www.aim.qmul.ac.uk/apply .

Apply Now

Information on applications and PhD topics can be found at: http://www.aim.qmul.ac.uk/apply

Application deadline: 27 January 2021

For further information on eligibility, funding and the application process please visit our website. Please email any questions to aim-enquiries@qmul.ac.uk 

— 

Dr. George Fazekas, 

Senior Lecturer (Assoc. Prof.) in Digital Media 

Programme Coordinator, Sound and Music Computing (SMC)

Centre for Digital Music (C4DM)

School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science

Queen Mary University of London, UK

FHEA, M. IEEE, ACM, AES

email: g.fazekas@qmul.ac.uk

web: semanticaudio.net | c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk | aim.qmul.ac.uk | audiocommons.org | bit.ly/smc-qmul 

Postdoc position at Sheffield

Postdoc position at Sheffield 

We are pleased to invite applications for a 4-year postdoc position at The University of Sheffield, as part of the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship of Dr Jennifer MacRitchie.  The postdoctoral researcher will work with Jenni in the development of music technology to assist music making and listening in older adults, including people with dementia and complex needs. Candidates should have a PhD in Cognitive Sciences, Engineering, or Psychology and experience in music interface design and/or working with populations with varying physical / cognitive abilities. 

 

Further information and a link to the application portal can be found on the MMM website: 

https://mmm.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/postdoc-music-technology-for-wellbeing

 

Deadline for applications: 15 December 2020

Start date: 1 Feb 2021

Interview date: 12 January 2021 

 

Further questions can be directed to Jenni MacRitchie or to Renee Timmers

Fwd: Call for participants: Music, Mind-Wandering, & Wellbeing during COVID-19

Dear all,

Help us to understand whether and how the unusual circumstances
brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on the way
our minds wander, our uses of music in daily life, and our mental
wellbeing.

The study takes approximately 20 minutes to complete, is completely
anonymous, and offers the opportunity to win one £20 Amazon voucher.
The questionnaire can be completed in one of three languages (English,
Greek or Italian). The only requirement to participate is to be an
adult living either in the UK, Greece, or Italy.

To complete the questionnaire, please click on this link:
https://durhammusic.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3K3qytcfDDHZZjL

The study is a collaboration between Durham University (Dr Liila
Taruffi) and the University of Sheffield (Dr Georgina Floridou) and
has received ethical approval from the Music Department (Durham
University). Your participation is voluntary and you are free to
withdraw at any time, and your information will remain anonymous and
confidential. For questions and/or comments, please get in touch:
liila.taruffi@durham.ac.uk or g.floridou@sheffield.ac.uk.

Feel free to pass this message on to anyone who may be interested.

Many thanks in advance for your contribution.

Best wishes,
Dr Georgina Floridou
Honorary Research Fellow
Music & Wellbeing Research Unit
Department of Music, University of Sheffield
34 Leavygreave Road, S3 7RD, Sheffield, UK

Fwd: Lectureship in Music & Science

Details of a Lectureship in Music and Science currently being advertised by the University of Cambridge can be found at:  https://www.jobs.cam.ac.uk/job/27375/

Informal enquiries are welcomed and should be directed to Professor Katharine Ellis (chair@mus.cam.ac.uk). If you have queries regarding the application process please contact Ruth Farley, HR Coordinator (musichr@admin.cam.ac.uk).

Fwd: [DMRN-LIST] PhD scholarships

The University of West London is inviting proposals for PhDs through the Vice Chancellor's scholarship awards. The scholarship includes a fee waiver at the Home/EU rate and a tax-free stipend of £15,000 per annum for three years. 

London College of Music has supervision expertise in a broad range of music and musical-theatre subject areas with particular strengths in Record Production, Audio for Virtual Reality, 21st Century Music Practices (particularly Practice-As-Research) and electronic music composition.

These PhD scholarships are open to all UK/EU students who qualify - details at: https://www.uwl.ac.uk/research/graduate-centre/vice-chancellors-phd-scholarships 

The deadline for applications is 30th November 2020

Fwd: Call for Papers: Psychological Science and Creativity

Translational Issues in Psychological Science

APA Journals®: Call for Papers Psychological Science and Creativity A special issue call for papers Submission deadline: January 18, 2021   Translational Issues in Psychological Science welcomes manuscripts for consideration in a special issue titled "Psychological Science and Creativity". Creativity was once considered beyond the bounds of scientific inquiry. But recent years have seen considerable progress in scientific understanding of human creativity, due in part to increasing interest among psychologists and neuroscientists, as well as advances in the methodological tools used to study creativity in the lab. The goal of the special issue is to feature cutting-edge research that either considers translational implications of basic creativity science or directly examines translational applications of creativity research. For this special issue, the editors welcome both empirical and review papers that address the following topics:   studying creativity outside the lab (e.g., ecological momentary assessment) translational implications of creativity neuroscience teaching and measuring creativity in educational contexts studying creativity and innovation in industry and organizations ecological validity considerations of studying creativity in the lab and more!   Manuscripts submitted to Translational Issues in Psychological Science must be co-authored by at least one psychologist in training (graduate student, postdoctoral fellow), should be written concisely for a broad audience, and focus on the practical implications of the research presented in the manuscript. Learn More Please feel free to forward this correspondence to interested colleagues and the psychologists-in-training with whom you work. If you have any questions, please contact the special issue editor Roger Beaty, PhD or editor-in chief Daniel J. Weiss, PhD. about the journal Translational Issues in Psychological Science® (TPS) is a critical issues translational journal, with each issue on a different topic representing multiple viewpoints on psychological science. Each issue of TPS concentrates on a single important, timely, and/or potentially controversial theme in translational science that is of broad interest to scientists, practitioners, and the general public. Learn more. calls for papers Check out all current calls for papers from APA Journals. Learn more.   apa author resources Everything you need to know about submitting to an APA journal. Explore resources.      © American Psychological Association 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242

Fwd: [DMRN-LIST] Research Assistant in Quantum Computing and Music

12 Nov 2020 – PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT – More details to follow shortly

Research Assistant in Quantum Computing and Music

Salary: c. £37,000 per annum (to be confirmed)
Duration: 12 months, full-time position (renewable subject to funding)
Starting date:1st March 2020 (can be negotiable)

12 Nov 2020 – PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT – More details to follow shortly

Research Assistant in Quantum Computing and Music

Salary: c. £37,000 per annum (to be confirmed)
Duration: 12 months, full-time position (renewable subject to funding)
Starting date:1st March 2020 (can be negotiable)

The University of Plymouth' Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research (ICCMR) is seeking to recruit a Research Assistant to work on the "Quantum Computing and Music" project, funded by EPSRC Quantum Computing & Simulation Hub, part of the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme.

This is a pioneering project, aimed at expanding the range of applications of quantum computing technology towards the music industry. The main goal is to develop QuTune, an open source programming toolbox designed for sound and music with quantum computing, accompanied with tutorials and demonstrations. It will involve the design of quantum algorithms, and implementation of software combining quantum computing with sound/music programming. QuTune is aimed at supporting the emergence of a quantum-ready music tech community of early adopters of quantum computing technology.

This project will be developed in collaboration with University of Oxford's Department of Computer Science, Prof Bob Coecke's team. Supporting industrial collaborators include Spotify, inMusic (a family of leading music technology brands, such as Akai, Alesis, M-Audio) and Rigetti Computing.

Candidates are expected to have expertise in quantum computing and software development, and conversant with the field of computer music.  A post-graduate degree in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, or related subject, is required, or demonstrable equivalent work experience.

Further particulars will follow shortly. In the meantime, for an expression of interest and/or informal discussion, please contact Professor Eduardo Miranda by email eduardo.miranda@plymouth.ac.uk

Fwd: [ICVPB2020 Calls] Register for a major online event in Voice Sciences - ICVPB2020 2-4 Dec

12th International Conference on Voice Physiology and Biomechanics Celebrating 40 years of scientific advances in Vocal Fold Physiology and Biomechanics 02-04th December 2020 - a major online event in Voice Sciences

Dear colleagues,
 
ICVPB 2020, the 12th Edition of the International Conference on Voice Physiology and Biomechanics, will take place from Wednesday 2nd of December to Friday 4th of December 2020 as an online event.

Altogether we will celebrate the 40th anniversary of scientific advances in Vocal Fold Physiology and Biomechanics. 

The detailed scientific program can be found on the conference website : https://icvpb2020.sciencesconf.org/program

Five keynote lectures are programmed : Pr. Ingo Titze, Pr. Brad Story, Pr. Sten Ternström, Pr. Caroline Boudoux and Pr. Jan Svec. See https://icvpb2020.sciencesconf.org/page/keynote for more detail.

Six main sessions and a large poster session are proposed, covering all areas of voice sciences.

You are invited to register to participate in this major event on voice sciences : https://icvpb2020.insight-outside.fr
The registration fee is €100. All registered participant will have access to the live event (zoom meeting) and to the recordings of the sessions.

We look forward to seeing you online soon ! Please feel free to forward this email to those who might be interested.

Best regards,

Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni and Lucie Bailly
on behalf of ICVPB2020 Organizing Committee
https://icvpb2020.sciencesconf.org

--   **********************************************************     Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni, Ph.D.   CNRS Researcher Director / Directrice de Recherche CNRS   http://www.gipsa-lab.inpg.fr/~nathalie.henrich/       GIPSA-lab   Domaine universitaire de Grenoble   11 rue des Mathématiques   BP 46 - 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères cedex   FRANCE     Tél.  +33 (0)4 76 57 45 36    Fax. +33 (0)4 76 57 47 10   Courriel : Nathalie.Henrich AT gipsa-lab.fr   **********************************************************

Fwd: Opportunities for researchers at the British Science Festival 2021

Hi everyone,



Posting below some opportunities with the British Science Festival
which may be of interest to researchers on this list. Any questions,
do let me know.



We are now accepting Award Lecture applications for the 2021 British
Science Festival in Chelmsford from the 7-11 September. We are also
currently recruiting for a new Section Recorder volunteer in the field
of Science and The Arts



Call for Award Lecture applications



Are you, or do you know, an exceptional early career researcher?



Every year the British Science Association asks for applications for
the seven Award Lectureships available to early career academics who
are skilled at engaging people with their research. These Award
Lectures aim to promote open and informed discussion of science and
related disciplines. Awards are available in seven different areas:



· Social sciences



· Engineering, technology and industry



· Environmental sciences



· Agricultural, biological and medical sciences



· Physical sciences and mathematics



· Digital innovation



· Science and the arts



More information, including the application process can be found here:

https://www.britishscienceassociation.org/award-lectures

or you can contact Hannah at
hannah.lawrence@britishscienceassociation.org with any questions.



The selected lecturers receive an all-expenses paid trip to the
British Science Festival where they will present their lecture, as
well as public speaking coaching and a £250 honorarium. There may also
be other opportunities to present the Award Lecture at other science
festivals in the UK.



The deadline for applications is 17.00 3 December 2020.



Section Recorder vacancies



The British Science Association are looking for a new Section Recorder
volunteer in the field Science and The Arts.



If you're a professional in this area who is keen to engage the public
with cutting-edge research on a national platform and expand your
networks - then this could be the opportunity for you.



As part of this role, you'll work alongside the British Science
Festival team to develop relevant events for the Festival and advise
on advancements in your field. Each year the Festival brings thousands
of people together to excite, challenge and inspire.



The role offers budget to develop public events for the Festival, the
opportunity to expand your networks, exposure to new ideas and support
from the BSA who specialise in public engagement.



If anyone would like to discuss the opportunity just email Anna at
anna.woolman@britishscienceassociation.org



Deadline for expressions of interest is 17.00 on the 23 November. For
more information, including the (short) application process:
https://www.britishscienceassociation.org/current-vacancies-at-the-bsa



Best wishes,

Anna Woolman

she/her

Engagement Manager

A world where science is at the heart of culture and society.

t. +44 (0)20 7019 4957 m. +44 (0)77 9557 2830

165 Queens Gate, London, SW7 5HD

http://www.britishscienceassociation.org

@BritSciAssoc



Registered charity: 212479 and SC039236

Fwd: PhD funding @kingston

Dear friends and colleagues

The Department of Performing Arts at Kingston University London invites expressions of interest from strong researchers to join our PhD Programme in October 2021. The department supports a lively research culture in music, dance and drama spanning both practice-based and written research.

Staff in music have particular interests in:

• Musicology - Music philosophy, Musical fan cultures, Popular Musicology, 20^th Century European Music (especially French)

• Music in multimedia - Film and television music, Gothic, horror, fantasy and science fiction music, Intercultural arts research, translation and transfer across media in contemporary music

• Creative practice research – composition in particular technology enabled modes

The department is host to the newly established Visconti Studio. Tapping into contemporary love of retro sounds, the Visconti Studio does not just revive objects but actively revives analogue practices. This venture combines questions around cultural nostalgia, heritage studies, and material culture with the concrete musical practices of composition, recording, and production. Further information on www.visconti-studio.co.uk
Funding is open to international applications

Further information on the AHRC/TECHNE funding programme can be found here:
http://www.techne.ac.uk

Guidelines for application, forms and deadlines:

https://www.kingston.ac.uk/research/research-degrees/funding/techne/

Please contact me -  o.ben-tal@kingston.ac.uk - for further information and questions. The deadline for an initial proposal is 22/11 the final deadline is January 17th 

Fwd: [DMRN-LIST] CFP - Digital Music Research Network (DMRN) Workshop 2020

*** CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS ***

 

    DMRN+15: Digital Music Research Network 1-Day Workshop 2020

Virtually on Zoom and/or Slack

Queen Mary University of London

 

Tue 15 December 2020

 

http://www.qmul.ac.uk/dmrn/dmrn15/

 

 

The Digital Music Research Network (DMRN) aims to promote research in the area of Digital Music, by bringing together researchers from UK and overseas universities and industry for its annual workshop. The workshop will include invited and contributed talks and posters. The workshop will be an ideal opportunity for networking with other people working in the area. 

 

This year, keynote talks will be given by Philippe Esling (IRCAM), Dorien Herremans (Singapore University of Technology and Design) and Mariana Lopez (University of York).

 

* Call for Contributions

 

You are invited to submit a proposal for a "talk" and/or a "poster" to be presented at this event.

 

TALKS may range from the latest research, through research overviews or surveys, to opinion pieces or position statements, particularly those likely to be of interest to an interdisciplinary audience. Due to the online format, we plan to keep talks to about 10 minutes each, depending on the number of submissions. Short announcements about other items of interest (e.g. future events or other networks) are also welcome.

 

POSTERS can be on any research topic of interest to the members of the network. Posters will be displayed virtually (probably as slides rather than a poster format) in an asynchronous poster session (probably on Slack, as at ISMIR 2020).

 

The abstracts of presentations will be collated into a digest and distributed on the day.

 

* Submission

 

Please prepare your talk or poster proposal in the form of an abstract (1 page A4, using the template available from the DMRN+15 web page). Submit it via email to dmrn@lists.eecs.qmul.ac.uk giving the following information about your presentation:

• Authors

• Title

• Abstract

• Preference for talk or poster (or "no preference").  

* Deadlines

16 Nov 2020: Abstract submission deadline

01 Dec 2020: Notification of acceptance

13 Dec 2020: Registration deadline

15 Dec 2020: DMRN+15 Workshop

 

For further information, visit:  http://www.qmul.ac.uk/dmrn/dmrn15/

Enquiries: Alvaro Bort (a.bort@qmul.ac.uk)

--   Simon Dixon  Centre for Digital Music  School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science  Queen Mary University of London  Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK  http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~simond

Fwd: NMTC 2021 Extended Deadline - Call for Abstracts

Dear all, 

Due to multiple requests, the Scientific Committee for the 10th Nordic Music Therapy Conference is delighted to announce that the deadline for abstract submissions has been extended to November 16, 2020. 

You can find the call for abstracts here: https://www.jyu.fi/hytk/fi/laitokset/mutku/en/research/conferences/10-nordic-music-therapy-conference/abstracts 

We kindly ask that you forward this updated information to your applicable networks and associations. 

Should you have any questions, please feel free to get in touch with our organising committee at nmtc2021@gmail.com. 

Kind regards, 

Mikaela Leandertz

PhD Student

Department of Music, Art & Culture Studies

University of Jyväskylä